The Festival Of Ganesh Chaturthi
August 25, 2007
Ganesh Chaturthi (Lord Ganesh’s Birthday) is celebrated on the fourth day of the bright half of Bhadrapad (August / September). Chaturthi signifies that on this day Ganesh’s energy had reached the earth for the first time and He was born. It denotes Turyavastha – a state beyond Jagruti (The State of Waking), Svapna (Dream) and Sushupti (Deep Sleep).
Though this is popularly believed to be Lord Ganesh’s birthday but it is stated in mythologies that this is the celebration of one of Lord Ganesh’s many incarnations-Mayureshwar. This incarnation of the Lord is explained comprehensively in AshtaVinayak Yatra-Pilgrimage To The Eight Effigies Of Lord Ganesh. The rituals and worship during Ganesh Chaturthi helps mankind to get closer to Him.
The Origin:
This festival gained importance during the rule of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the great ruler of the Maratha Empire (1627-1680). After him, the Peshwas took over the reigns under the guidance of Bajirao Peshwa (1721- 1740) and Lord Ganesh was their Ishta Devta (Family Deity). It is said that in 1815 when Bajirao II was in power that was the last time this festival was celebrated with great pomp. After the decline of the Peshwa rule (1818-1892) this celebration was restricted only to the families living in the state of Maharasthra.
The Sarvajanik Puja (Worship made available to people from every walk of life) of Lord Ganesh was started in 1893 by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Pune. He was keen to form a self government and put an end to the British rule. “Swaraj (Home Rule) Is My Birthright” was his slogan and a way of keeping up the spirit of freedom. His newspaper Kesari helped to kindle the flame of independence among the common man. Tilak used Ganesh Chaturthi to unite people from different caste and community, and encouraged them to join in to liberate the nation. The history of freedom struggle cannot be complete until one recalls Tilak’s immense contributions – as the father of the National Movement and an uplifter of the downtrodden.
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Modern Times:
The idols for the festival are made of mud, then painted and adorned in beautiful clothes and jewels. Modernization has lead to mass production and the mud has been replaced in many places with plaster of paris for making them on a larger scale. The idol can bought and consecrated at home provided the family members follow correct Vidhi (Methods of Worship.) These vidhis are mentioned in the Mudgala Purana volume four, chapter seven, originally explained by Sage Kanva to King Dushyant. (This story can be read in the epic of Mahabharata. King Dushyant had married Shakuntala who was the foster daughter of Sage Kanva. The Mahaganapati deity at Titwala, Maharashtra was consecrated by Sage Kanva. It is said that King Dushyant and Shakuntala had married here.) This provides as a guideline for the appropiate understanding of the worship.
The idol is brought home a day prior to Chaturthi. This day is known as Hartalik where the women fast and pray to His mother, Goddess Gauri / Parvati as she is also known as the goddess of harvest. The families who bring home an idol do not consume non-vegetarian food and refrain from activities that stimulate the senses until the festivities end. The second day of Ganesh Utsav (Festival) is called Rishi Panchami. Rishi’s are the sages of India who led a simple life of growing their own food and spent the rest of their time in teaching, meditation and spiritual discourses. This day is celebrated to remind us of our ancient culture and heritage. The cattle are also revered on this day and the ones who work in the fields are given a day off. They are fed fruits and vegetables for their sincere and unconditional service. Lord Ganesh’s mouse, the divine attendant is not forgotten. Boiled gram is offered as Naivedyam to the Lord’s Vahan. As a symbolism, the rats in the vicinity are also fed with this.
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Preparation For Ganesh Chaturthi Celebration:
Several months in advance idols are made for this occasion and shipped all over the world. Many companies promote audio and video CDs and DVDs to make people aware of the significance of this festival. The translation of various Sanskrit hymns, Strotra and Mantras are available with melodious music to captivate the new generation of worshippers.
Days prior to the festivities, devotees clean their home and plan how they would decorate their shrine / altar where the Lord would be Virajman (Seated / Rested). Fresh and fragrant flower garlands are used to adorn the shrine. Some use decorative lights and glittering festoons. Each year, new and innovative styles of decorative items are available in stores. The entrance of the house is decorated with Torana (A decoration made using flowers. A basic design consists of fresh marigold flowers alternated with mango leaves. This can be used in various combinations and patterns with different flowers as well.) The flooring of the entrance is decorated with Rangoli (Designs and motifs are made on the floor using special colored powder) and oil lamps are lit. Varieties of sweets and savories are prepared for this occasion.
During Chaturthi, a new idol is required to be brought home inspite of the family having an idol of the Lord to whom they worship regularly. This is because during this auspicious occasion, Lord Ganesh’s frequencies reach the earth on a greater scale. If the existing deity is invoked then the idol will acquire immense quantity of energy. This powerful deity will then require special care. The family will have to observe and follow all the rituals as per scriptures which may not be possible. So to avoid any Dosh (Mistakes, Errors), a new idol is consecrated.
Pandals (Arena constructed with bamboos and cloth like large tents, Pavilions, Marquee) are constructed around the city where the idols are placed. These are arranged by neighborhood committees, shop owners, big and small establishments etc. It is a means of bringing all the customers and friends together to celebrate the festival on a very large scale. Many of them are designed like movie sets and have themes based on current issues and folklores. The famous among them is the Shrimant Dagdusheth Halwai Sarvajanik Ganpati Trust, based in Pune which was established in 1893. Their diety’s ornamentation and decoration is unique and devotees from all over India and abroad throng to get His Darshan. The Trust celebrates this festival based on the principles of Tilak and follows the path of devotion set by Saint Gyaneshwar and Saint-Poet Tukaram of the 17th century.
Many artists create unique idols which stand apart from the rest by creating Lord Ganesh out of coconuts, machinery parts and tools, sweet meats like laddoo, bottle caps, marbles and many other everyday items. There are private buses organized which take the enthusiastic devotees to the different parts of the city to show all the different varieties of ornamented idols and aesthetically crafted pandals. People wait in long queues for hours and to give their offerings to the Lord. Some also offer gold and silver ornaments. Many sweetmeat shops have competitions among them to outsell each other by creating new flavors of modaks and others try to make the largest size of modak possible. (Learn how you can prepare modaks, laddoos and pedas at home) There are competitions among the various pandal committees as well and live televised coverage helps them gain popularity. The devotees vote for their favourite Lord Ganesh idol and sponsors offer them cash prizes.
Look out for more updates in the coming weeks on Ganesh Chaturthi Celebrations.
©Nayna, 2007. All Rights Reserved.
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